How to use it
- Type one line for each item: description; quantity; unit price; VAT rate.
- Choose whether the unit prices are without VAT or include it.
- Choose the country. A line without a rate takes the standard rate of that country; choose custom to give every line a rate.
- Read the net, VAT and gross totals, then check every line and the summary by rate.
How VAT is calculated for each line
When the unit price is without VAT, the net of a line is the quantity times the unit price, rounded to the cent. The VAT is the net times the rate, rounded to the cent, and the gross is the net plus the VAT. When the unit price includes VAT, the gross is the quantity times the unit price, and the net is the gross divided by one plus the rate, rounded; the VAT is the difference.
Invoices are made line by line, so each line is rounded before the totals are added. The totals can differ by a cent from a calculation made on the whole amount at once.
Without VAT: net = quantity × unit price
VAT = net × rate
gross = net + VAT
With VAT: gross = quantity × unit price
net = gross ÷ (1 + rate)
VAT = gross − netVAT rates by country
The presets are the standard and the reduced rates that each country's tax authority publishes. Which goods and services fall under a reduced rate is set by law and changes, so check the official list for your product. The European Commission points to its national rate database (TEDB) for the rates in force in each EU country.
| Country | Rates (%) | Published by |
|---|---|---|
| Turkey | 20, 10, 1 | Revenue Administration (GİB) |
| Germany | 19, 7 | Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF) |
| United Kingdom | 20, 5, 0 | GOV.UK, VAT rates |
| France | 20, 10, 5.5, 2.1 | impots.gouv.fr (DGFiP) |
| Spain | 21, 10, 4 | Agencia Tributaria |
| Portugal (mainland) | 23, 13, 6 | Tax and Customs Authority (AT), VAT Code article 18 |
| Italy | 22, 10, 5, 4 | Agenzia delle Entrate |
| Netherlands | 21, 9 | Belastingdienst |
| Russia | 22, 10 | Federal Tax Service (FNS) |
| Japan | 10, 8 | National Tax Agency (NTA) |
| India | 18, 5, 0, 40 | GST Council, 56th meeting (3 September 2025) |
| China | 13, 9, 6 | State Taxation Administration (STA), VAT Law, article 10 |
| Saudi Arabia | 15 | ZATCA |
| Indonesia | 12, on 11/12 of the price for ordinary goods | Directorate General of Taxes (DJP), PMK 131/2024 |
What this calculator does not include
- Discounts, which should be taken off the unit price before you enter it.
- VAT withholding, special consumption taxes, exemptions and zero-rated supplies that need their own rule.
- A rounding rule that your accounting software applies to the total instead of to each line.
- The Azores and Madeira, which set their own lower VAT rates by regional law. The Portugal preset is for mainland Portugal only.
- Temporary rates that are not yet in force, such as Japan's lower rate on food from 1 April 2027 to 31 March 2029. In India, tobacco and pan masala keep their old GST rates for now.
Worked example: three lines without VAT, Turkey
Consulting: 10 × 150 = 1,500.00 net, with VAT at 20% of 300.00. Printed brochures: 200 × 4.50 = 900.00 net, with VAT at 10% of 90.00. Reference books: 3 × 120 = 360.00 net, with VAT at 1% of 3.60.
The invoice totals 2,760.00 net, 393.60 VAT and 3,153.60 gross. The summary by rate shows each rate separately, so the VAT of each rate can be booked and reported on its own.
| VAT rate | Net | VAT |
|---|---|---|
| 20% | 1,500.00 | 300.00 |
| 10% | 900.00 | 90.00 |
| 1% | 360.00 | 3.60 |
| Total | 2,760.00 | 393.60 |
Frequently asked questions
Why is this not a simple 20% calculator?
A single 20% calculator works for one price. An invoice often has items at different rates, such as a reduced rate for books or food, so this calculator gives each line its own rate and totals them per rate.
Should the prices include VAT or not?
Look at the price on the offer. If the seller says the price includes VAT, choose including VAT, and the calculator takes the VAT out of the gross price.
Why can the VAT total differ from VAT on the whole amount?
Each line is rounded to the cent first, as invoices are. Adding up the rounded lines can differ by a cent from rounding the total once.
Which rate applies to my product?
It depends on the product or service and on your country's law, and it can change. The tax authority's list or your accountant gives the binding rate.
What happens to a line without a rate?
It takes the standard rate of the country you chose. For custom, every line needs a rate, and the calculator names the first line that is missing one.
Is my invoice stored or sent anywhere?
No. The calculation runs in your browser, and nothing you enter is sent to us.
Sources
- GOV.UK: VAT rates (United Kingdom)
- impots.gouv.fr: several VAT rates (France)
- impots.gouv.fr: business taxation, VAT rates 20%, 10%, 5.5% and 2.1% (France)
- Agencia Tributaria: tipos impositivos de IVA (Spain)
- Portal das Finanças (AT): VAT Code, article 18, rates (Portugal, in Portuguese)
- Agenzia delle Entrate: VAT, general rules and rates (Italy, in Italian)
- Belastingdienst: VAT rates (Netherlands, in Dutch)
- European Commission: VAT rates in the EU (rates per country in TEDB)
- Federal Tax Service (FNS): VAT rates, Tax Code art. 164 (Russia, in Russian)
- National Tax Agency: consumption tax rates (Japan, in English)
- National Tax Agency: lower consumption tax on food from 1 April 2027 (Japan, in Japanese)
- GST Council: recommendations of the 56th meeting, GST rates from 22 September 2025 (India, in English)
- State Taxation Administration: VAT Law, article 10, rates 13, 9 and 6% (China, in Chinese)
- ZATCA: VAT guideline on professional services, standard rate 15% from 1 July 2020 (Saudi Arabia, in English)
- Directorate General of Taxes: PMK 131/2024, VAT rate 12% and base of 11/12 (Indonesia, in Indonesian)
Figures and text last checked on Thursday, November 12, 2026.